How to choose solar panels? What kind of solar panels are there?

Solar panel is a device that directly or indirectly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect by absorbing sunlight. The main material of most solar panels is "silicon", but due to the relatively high production cost Large, so that it is still widely used in certain limitations.

 

The solar panels are classified according to materials as follows:

Crystalline silicon materials (including polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon) are the most important photovoltaic materials, with a market share of over 90%, and are the mainstream materials for solar panels.

Crystal silicon solar panels: polycrystalline silicon solar panels, monocrystalline silicon solar panels.

Amorphous silicon solar panels: thin-film solar panels, organic solar panels.

Chemical dye panel: dye-sensitized solar panel.

Flexible solar panel

 

Monocrystalline silicon

The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar panels is about 18%, the highest is 24%, which is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of all types of solar panels, but the production cost is high. Since monocrystalline silicon is generally encapsulated with tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is rugged and durable, with a service life of up to 25 years.

 

Polystalline silicon

The manufacturing process of the polycrystalline silicon solar panel is similar to that of the monocrystalline silicon solar panel, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the polycrystalline silicon solar panel is much lower, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 16%. In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar panel. The material is easy to manufacture and saves power consumption. The total production cost is low, so it has been developed a lot. In addition, the service life of polycrystalline silicon solar panels is shorter than that of monocrystalline silicon solar panels. In terms of cost performance, monocrystalline silicon solar panels are better.

 

Amorphous silicon

Amorphous silicon solar panel is a new type of thin-film solar panel that appeared in 1976. It is completely different from the manufacturing method of single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar panels. The process is greatly simplified, the silicon material consumption is very small, and the power consumption is lower. Its main advantage is that it can also generate electricity in low light conditions. However, the main problem with amorphous silicon solar panels is the low photoelectric conversion efficiency. The international advanced level is about 10%, and it is not stable enough. As time goes on, its conversion efficiency declines.

 

Multiple compounds

The multi-component compound solar panel refers to a solar panel that is not made of a single element semiconductor material. There are many varieties of research in various countries, most of which have not been industrialized, and there are mainly the following: a) cadmium sulfide solar panels b) gallium arsenide solar panels c) copper indium selenium solar panels (new multi-band gap gradient Cu (In, Ga) (Se2 thin film solar panels)

Cu (In, Ga) Se2 is a kind of solar absorption material with excellent performance. It has a gradient band gap (the difference between the energy level between the conduction band and the valence band) of multiple semiconductor materials. effectiveness. Based on it, a thin-film solar cell whose photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly higher than that of a silicon thin-film solar cell can be designed. The achievable photoelectric conversion rate is 18%. Moreover, such thin-film solar cells have not been found to have performance degradation effect (SWE) caused by light radiation, and their photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased by about 50-75% compared with commercial thin-film solar panels. The solar cell belongs to the highest level of photoelectric conversion efficiency in the world.

 

Flexible solar panel

Flexible thin-film solar panels are distinguished from conventional solar cells.

Conventional solar panels generally have a structure of EVA material and battery sheets in the middle of two layers of glass. Such a module has a heavy weight and requires a bracket during installation, which is not easy to move.

The flexible thin-film solar panel does not need to use a glass back sheet and a cover plate, and the weight is 80% lighter than that of a double-glazed solar panelmodule. The flexible solar panel sheet using a pvc back sheet and an ETFE thin film cover plate can even be bent arbitrarily, which is convenient to carry. There is no need for special brackets during installation. It can be easily installed on the roof and the top of the tent.

The disadvantage is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than conventional crystalline silicon components.

 

Service life

The service life of solar panels is determined by the materials of solar cells, tempered glass, EVA, TPT, etc. Generally, manufacturers who use better materials can make the service life of solar panels reach 25 years, but with the impact of the environment, solar cells etc. The material of the solar panel will age with time. Under normal circumstances, the power will be attenuated by 30% in 20 years and 70% in 25 years.

 

Currently commonly used in solar street lamps are monocrystalline silicon solar panels and polycrystalline silicon solar panels. XY Lighting Limited's solar street lights mainly use monocrystalline silicon solar panels to ensure that solar lamps can maximize the use of solar energy and long life.

 

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